1. Report Overview
1.1 Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview
1.2 Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market Segmentation
1.3 Overview of Findings
1.4 Structure of the Report
1.5 Why You Should Read This Report
1.6 How This Report Delivers
1.7 Key Questions Answered by This Analytical Report
1.8 Who is This Report For?
1.9 Methodology
1.10 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1.11 Associated Visiongain Reports
1.12 About Visiongain
2. Introduction to Specialty Fuel Additives Systems
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Specialty Fuel Additives Systems
2.2. Market Definition
2.2.3. Industry Revolution
2.2.3.2 The Need of Specialty Fuel Additives Systems in the Oil Industry
2.3 Classification of Specialty Fuel Additives Systems
2.4 Specialty Fuel Additives Market: Drivers and Restraints 2019-2029
2.5.1 Specialty Fuel Additives Market Drivers
2.5.2 Restraints
2.5.3 Market Opportunities
3. Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market, by Application 2019-2029
3.1 Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast, by Application 2019-2029
3.2 Changing Market Shares by Segment 2019-2029
3.3. Gasoline Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
3.3.1 Gasoline Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
3.3.2 Gasoline Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
3.4. Diesel Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
3.4.1 Diesel Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
3.4.2 Diesel Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
3.5. Aviation turbine fuel Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
3.5.1 Aviation turbine fuel Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
3.5.2 Aviation turbine fuel Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
3.6. Other Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
3.6.1 Other Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
3.6.2 Other Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4. Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market, by Product 2019-2029
4.1 Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast, by Product 2019-2029
4.2 Changing Market Shares by Segment 2019-2029
4.3. Deposit Control Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.3.1 Deposit Control Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.3.2 Deposit Control Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.4. Cetane Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.4.1 Cetane Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.4.2 Cetane Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.5. Antioxidants Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.5.1 Antioxidants Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.5.2 Antioxidants Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.6. Lubricity Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.6.1 Lubricity Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.6.2 Lubricity Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.7. Cold Flow Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.7.1 Cold Flow Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.7.2 Cold Flow Improvers Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.8. Corrosion Inhibitors Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.8.1 Corrosion Inhibitors Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.8.2 Corrosion Inhibitors Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
4.9. Other Specialty Fuel Additives Submarket, 2019-2029
4.9.1 Other Specialty Fuel Additives Market Overview, 2018
4.9.2 Other Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
5. Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market, by Region 2019-2029
5.1 Overview: Global Specialty Fuel Additives Market, by Region
5.2 Market Share of Global Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Region
6. North American Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2019-2029
6.1 Overview: North American Specialty Fuel Additives Market
6.1.1 The North American Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
6.2 Market Share of North American Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Country
6.3 The US Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
6.4 US Specialty Fuel Additives Market: Trends and Developments
6.4.1 The US Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
6.5 The Canada Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
6.5.1 The Canada Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
7. Latin American Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2019-2029
7.1 Overview: Latin American Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2018
7.1.1 The Latin American Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
7.2 Market Share of Latin American Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Country
7.3 The Brazil Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
7.3.1 The Brazil Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
7.3 The Argentina Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
7.3.1 The Argentina Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
7.4 The rest of Latin America Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
7.4.1 The rest of Latin America Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8. European Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2019-2029
8.1 Overview: European Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2018
8.1.1 The European Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.2 Market Share of European Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Country
8.3 Germany Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.3.1 Germany Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.4 The UK Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.4.1 The UK Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.5 Russia Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.5.1 Russia Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.6 Italy Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.6.1 Italy Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.7 Spain Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.7.1 Spain Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
8.8 The rest of European Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
8.8.1 The rest of European Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9. Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2019-2029
9.1 Overview: Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2018
9.1.1 Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.2 Market Share of Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Country
9.3 The China Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.3.1 The China Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.4 The Malaysia Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.4.1 The Malaysia Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.5 The India Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.5.1 The India Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.6 The Japan Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.6.1 The Japan Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.7 The Thailand Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.7.1 The Thailand Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.8 The Australia Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.8.1 The Australia Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
9.9 The rest of Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
9.9.1 The rest of Asia-Pacific Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10. Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2019-2029
10.1 Overview: Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market 2018
10.1.1 The Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.2 Market Share of Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Segments by Country
10.3 The Saudi Arabia Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.3.1 The Saudi Arabia Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.4 The UAE Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.4.1 The UAE Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.5 The South Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.5.1 The South Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.6 The Nigeria Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.6.1 The Nigeria Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.7 The Israel Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.7.1 The Israel Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
10.8 The rest of Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market: 2019-2029
10.8.1 The rest of Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast: 2019-2029
11. Qualitative Analysis of the Specialty Fuel Additives Market
11.1 Porter's Five Forces:
11.1.1 Threat of Substitutes
11.1.2 Bargaining power of buyers
11.1.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
11.1.4 Threat of new entries
11.2 PESTLE
11.2.1 Political
11.2.1.1 Factors affecting Specialty Fuel Additives
11.2.1.1.1 Regulatory Bodies
11.2.1.1.2 Insurance / Reimbursement
11.2.2 Economical
11.2.3 Social
11.2.4 Technological
11.2.5 Legal
11.2.5.1 Process Documentation
11.2.5.2 Patient's Consent
11.2.5.3 Lawsuits and Litigations
11.2.6 Environmental
12. Leading Companies in the Specialty Fuel Additives Market
12.1 NewMarket Corporation
12.1.1 Product Portfolio
12.1.2 Financial Overview
12.1.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.1.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.1.5 Recent Developments
12.2 BASF SE
12.2.1 Product Portfolio
12.2.2 Financial Overview
12.2.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.2.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.2.5 Recent Developments
12.3 Infineum International Limited
12.3.1 Product Portfolio
12.3.2 Financial Overview
12.3.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.3.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.3.5 Recent Developments
12.4 Albemarle Corp
12.4.1 Product Portfolio
12.4.2 Financial Overview
12.4.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.4.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.4.5 Recent Developments
12.5 Baker Hughes Inc
12.5.1 Product Portfolio
12.5.2 Financial Overview
12.5.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.5.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.5.5 Recent Developments
12.6 Chemtura Corporation
12.6.1 Product Portfolio
12.6.2 Financial Overview
12.6.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.6.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.6.5 Recent Developments
12.7 Dow Chemical Company
12.7.1 Product Portfolio
12.7.2 Financial Overview
12.7.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.7.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.7.5 Recent Developments
12.8 Chevron Oronite Company
12.8.1 Product Portfolio
12.8.2 Financial Overview
12.8.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.8.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.8.5 Recent Developments
12.9 Lubrizol Corporation
12.9.1 Product Portfolio
12.9.2 Financial Overview
12.9.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.9.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.9.5 Recent Developments
12.10 TOTAL SA
12.10.1 Product Portfolio
12.10.2 Financial Overview
12.10.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.10.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.10.5 Recent Developments
12.11 Dorf Ketal Chemicals LLC
12.11.1 Product Portfolio
12.11.2 Financial Overview
12.11.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.11.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.11.5 Recent Developments
12.12 Clariant Corporation
12.12.1 Product Portfolio
12.12.2 Financial Overview
12.12.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.12.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.12.5 Recent Developments
12.13 Eurenco
12.13.1 Product Portfolio
12.13.2 Financial Overview
12.13.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.13.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.13.5 Recent Developments
12.14 NALCO Champion
12.12.1 Product Portfolio
12.12.2 Financial Overview
12.12.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.12.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.12.5 Recent Developments
12.15 Evonik Industries
12.15.1 Product Portfolio
12.15.2 Financial Overview
12.15.3 Operating Sectors, 2017
12.15.4 Sales and Recent Performance, 2016-2018
12.15.5 Recent Developments
13. Conclusions
13.1 The World Specialty Fuel Additives Market in 2019 and 2029
13.1.1 Current Leading Specialty Fuel Additives Segments
13.1.2 Leading Specialty Fuel Additives Companies
13.1.3 Leading Regional Markets
13.2 World Specialty Fuel Additives Market Forecast 2019-2029
13.3 The Future of the Specialty Fuel Additives Market?
14. Glossary
Associated Visiongain Reports
Visiongain Report Sales Order Form
Appendix A
About Visiongain
Appendix B
Visiongain Report Evaluation Form
List of Tables
Table 1. Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 2. Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 3. Specialty Fuel Additives Market by Region, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 4. North America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Country, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 5. North America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 6. North America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 7. US: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 8. US: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 9. Canada: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 10. Canada: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 11. Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Country, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 12. Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 13. Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 14. Brazil Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 15. Brazil Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 16. Argentina Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 17. Argentina Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 18. Rest of Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 19. Rest of Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 20. Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Country (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 21. Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 22. Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 23. Germany: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 24. Germany Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 25. UK: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 26. UK: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 27. Russia Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 28. Russia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 29. Italy Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 30. Italy: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 31. Spain Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 32. Spain: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 33. Rest of Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 34. Rest of Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 35. Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Country, 2019-2029 (Kiloton)
Table 36. Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 37. Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 38. China: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 39. China: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 40. Malaysia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 41. Malaysia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 42. India: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 43. India: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 44. Japan: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 45. Japan: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 46. Thailand: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 47. Thailand: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 48. Australia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 49. Australia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 50. Rest of Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 51. Rest of Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 52. Middle East and Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Country, 2019-2029 (Kiloton)
Table 53. Middle East and Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 54. Middle East and Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 55. Saudi Arabia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 56. Saudi Arabia: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 57. UAE: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 58. UAE: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 59. South Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 60. South Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 61. Nigeria: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 62. Nigeria: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 63. Israel: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 64. Israel: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 65. The Rest of Middle East and Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Application, (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
Table 66. The Rest of Middle East and Africa: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Size, By Product (US$ Mn AGR%, CAGR %), 2019-2029
List of Figures
Figure 1 Specialty Fuel Additives Market Segmentation
Figure 2 Specialty Fuel Additives Market: Research Design
Figure 3 Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities, and Challenges in the Specialty Fuel Additives Market
Figure 4 North America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Snapshot
Figure 5 Latin America: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Snapshot
Figure 6 Europe: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Snapshot
Figure 7 Asia-Pacific: Specialty Fuel Additives Market Snapshot
Figure 8 Middle East and Africa Specialty Fuel Additives Market Snapshot
Figure 9 Market Share/Ranking
Figure 10 NewMarket Corporation: Financial Snapshot
Figure 11 BASF SE: Financial Snapshot
Figure 12 Infineum International Limited: Finanial Snapshot
Figure 13 Albemarle Corp: Financial Snapshot
Figure 14 Baker Hughes Inc: Financial Snapshot
Figure 15 Chemtura Corporation: Financial Snapshot
Figure 16 Dow Chemical Company: Financial Snapshot
Figure 17 Chevron Oronite Company: Financial Snapshot
Figure 18 Lubrizol Corporation: Financial Snapshot
Figure 19 TOTAL SA: Financial Snapshot
Figure 20 Dorf Ketal Chemicals LLC: Financial Snapshot
Figure 21 Clariant Corporation: Financial Snapshot
Figure 22 Eurenco: Financial Snapshot
Figure 23 NALCO Champion: Financial Snapshot
Figure 24 Evonik Industries: Financial Snapshot
